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Atlas Network

Coordinates: 38°54′14″N 77°01′43″W / 38.9038°N 77.0285°W / 38.9038; -77.0285
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the United States-based organization that supports think tanks. For the European police organization, see ATLAS Network. For other networks, see Atlas (disambiguation).

Atlas Network
FounderAntony Fisher
Established1981; 44 years ago (1981)
ChairDebbi Gibbs[1]
Chief executive officerBrad Lips
BudgetRevenue: $15,545,000
Expenses: $12,963,000
(2020)[2]
Members506[3]
Formerly calledAtlas Economic Research Foundation
Location
Arlington County, Virginia
,
U.S.
Websitewww.atlasnetwork.org

Atlas Network, formerly known as Atlas Economic Research Foundation, is a neoliberal non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization based in the United States that provides training, networking, and grants for libertarian, free-market, and conservative groups around the world.[4][5][6] Atlas Network was founded in 1981 by Antony Fisher, a British entrepreneur who wanted to create a means to connect various neoliberal think tanks via a global network.[4][7]

Described as "a think tank that creates think tanks",[8] the organization partners with nearly 600 organizations in over 100 countries across all continents.[9][10][11] Notable members of Atlas Network include think tanks such as the Institute of Economic Affairs in the United Kingdom; the Cato Institute, Heartland Institute, American Legislative Exchange Council, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, and Acton Institute in the United States; the Fraser Institute and Macdonald–Laurier Institute in Canada; the Centre for Independent Studies in Australia; and the New Zealand Taxpayers' Union.[12][13][14]

History

[edit]

Background and founding

[edit]

Atlas Network was founded in 1981 in San Francisco as the Atlas Economic Research Foundation by Antony Fisher, a British entrepreneur who was influenced by economist F. A. Hayek and his book, The Road to Serfdom.[15][16][17][18] After founding the Institute of Economic Affairs in London in 1955, Fisher had helped establish the Fraser Institute, the International Center for Economic Policy Studies (later renamed the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research), and the Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy in the 1970s.[16] The late Linda Whetstone, Fisher's daughter, served as chairman of Atlas Network.[19][20]

Neoliberal figures, such as Hayek, Margaret Thatcher, and Milton Friedman, all friends of Fisher, formally endorsed the organization.[10][17] By 1979, in the words of Timothy Mitchell referring to neoliberalism, "what had begun as a fringe right-wing intellectual current" had just become "the most powerful political orthodoxy in the West".[4] By 1981, when Atlas Network was founded, "the neoliberal movement was now trying to extend its network to other parts of the world".[4] Also in 1981, when Hayek's close collaborator Fisher established the Atlas Foundation of Economic Research, its goal was "to coordinate activities and corporate funding among the network of European and American think tanks, and to extend it by developing and financing a group of neoliberal organizations outside Western Europe and the United States".[4]

Early years, expansion, and influence

[edit]

Fisher conceived Atlas Network as a means to connect various think tanks via a global network through which the organizations could learn best practices from one another and "pass the best research and policy ideas from one to the other".[21] Initially comprising only Fisher's think tanks, Atlas Network grew to include many others, including those affiliated with the Koch family.[12] Major American think tanks in Atlas Network have included the Cato Institute, the Heartland Institute, The Heritage Foundation, and the American Legislative Exchange Council, which are active in conservative politics.[12]

Although it is thought that the organization is named after Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged,[22][17] Atlas Network has denied this.[23] Atlas Network states on its website that it is nonpartisan.[24] Atlas Network has received funding from American and European businesses and think tanks to coordinate and organize right-wing libertarian organizations in the developing world.[25][26] In 1981, Atlas Network helped economist Hernando de Soto found the Institute for Liberty and Democracy (ILD) in Peru,[10] and also invested in the Institut Economique de Paris (IEP) in France.[27] In 1983, Fisher helped launch the National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA) in Dallas, Texas,[10] and the Jon Thorlaksson Institute in Iceland (now replaced by the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth).[27] Atlas Network helped establish the Hong Kong Centre for Economic Research in 1987 and the Liberty Institute in New Delhi in 1996.[10] Atlas Network grew from 15 think tanks in nine countries in the mid-1980s to 457 think tanks in 96 countries as of 2020.[10]

Atlas Network has been described as "self-replicating, a think tank that creates think tanks".[28] Atlas Network generally refrains from taking any institutional positions on public policy subjects that its partners support.[third-party source needed] The 2019 and 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ranked Atlas Network as 54th among the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".[29][30] Atlas Network's think tank partners "produce white papers, meet with politicos, liaise with the media, write legislation, and much more", as described by WNYC.[31][32] In 2018, academic Karin Fischer described Atlas Network campaigns for deregulation and property rights as having so much influence that the World Bank's Doing Business Index "follows exactly Atlas' policy recommendations".[33]

[edit]

According to The Guardian, more than a fifth of Atlas Network affiliates worldwide had either opposed tobacco controls or taken tobacco donations.[34][35][36] A 2017 paper in the International Journal of Health Planning and Management said that Atlas Network "channeled funding from tobacco corporations to think tank actors to produce publications supportive of industry positions."[37] The University of Bath's Tobacco Control Research Group said Atlas Network "appears to have played a particular role in helping the tobacco industry oppose tobacco control measures in Latin America" during the 1990s.[38] In 2022, Le Monde identified 17 Atlas Network partners engaged in lobbying and advocacy for "tobacco harm reduction", which supports vaping as a substitute for smoking.[35]

Some academics and news publications have linked Atlas Network to oil and gas producers, to efforts opposing governments' and activists' efforts against climate change, and to the spreading of climate change denial.[39][40][41][42][43] According to documents described in The Guardian, Atlas Network collaborated with the Macdonald-Laurier Institute of Canada in a push for oil and gas development on Indigenous land[44] Atlas affiliates in Canada have "extensive and deepening board interlocks" involving the fossil fuel industry, other policy groups, and academia, and are "a reactionary current" against most climate actions, Nicolas Graham wrote in the Canadian Review of Sociology.[45] An article in The New Republic blamed Atlas Network for its partners' efforts in some countries to criminalize climate protests, particularly in Germany,[12] although Atlas Network has said it supports free speech for climate protesters.[46] Some academics have described Atlas Network as an "oil-industry-funded transnational network",[39] as well as "the predominant vehicle for fossil capital's global mobilization against climate science and policy",[47] and its affiliates as being "partly funded by Koch and allied capitalists, with heavy support from fossil fuel-based fortunes".[42] Atlas Network told The New Republic that it has "no partnerships with extractive industries such as oil and gas companies, we receive no funding from oil and gas companies and have not received funding from oil and gas companies for nearly 15 years."[12]

Political ties

[edit]

The Intercept, The Guardian, and The New Republic have described Atlas Network as having ties to right-wing and conservative movements, including the administration of Donald Trump in the United States, Brexit in the United Kingdom, and anti-government protests in Latin America.[5][12][48] An article in International Affairs analyzing 52 Atlas Network partners found that "while some Atlas-affiliated partners show readiness to confront the threat of nationalist and authoritarian societal mobilization, others conceive it as a tactical or strategic opportunity to advance free market causes."[49] According to The Guardian, "Atlas took no position on Brexit itself, and many of its European partners were opposed, but directors of UK groups in the network were prominent in the official campaign to take Britain out of the EU."[48] In Brazil, Atlas Network had a role in the Free Brazil Movement in 2014 that led to the rise of Jair Bolsonaro, and it sponsors the Liberty Forum where policies of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva were opposed.[12][50]

Atlas Network was linked to an online campaign that used fake accounts against the Cuban government during the 2021 Cuban protests, according to disinformation expert Julián Macías Tovar. Tovar, cited in The Guardian, also said that Atlas Network partners' Twitter accounts had been involved in bot or troll center campaigns during the 2019 Bolivian political crisis, the 2021 Ecuadorian general election, and the 2021 Peruvian general election.[51] Atlas Network partners opposed the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.[49] Atlas Network worked with its partners to create the Ukraine Freedom Fund, acquiring, transporting, and providing goods to Ukrainians,[52][53] and supporting Atlas Network partner groups in the country.[49] The Washington Examiner said the aid totaled $3.5 million by December 2022.[53]

Leadership

[edit]

The chief executive officer of Atlas Network is Brad Lips.[54] Lips joined Atlas Network, then known as the Atlas Economic Research Foundation, in 1998,[10] and became CEO in 2009. He is the author of Liberalism and the Free Society in 2021.[55] He has said he advocates for a "freedom philosophy",[56] and quoting Friedman, has summarized Atlas Network's function as "to develop alternatives to existing policies, to keep them alive until the politically impossible becomes the politically inevitable."[48] In an opinion article in The Chronicle of Philanthropy, Lips argued for funding market-oriented nonprofit groups instead of increasing traditional foreign aid.[57] He has said Atlas Network is nonpartisan and "willing to talk to all parties".[58]

Matt Warner is the organization's president, while Tom G. Palmer serves as executive vice president for international programs.[59][60] Warner and Palmer co-authored the book Development with Dignity: Self-Determination, Localization, and the End of Poverty.[61] Palmer, known in American libertarian circles since the 1970s, has promoted economic libertarian efforts in various countries including Communist and post-Communist Eastern Europe, as well as Iraq and Afghanistan; after the 2022 Russian invasion, he traveled inside Ukraine to help coordinate Atlas Network aid.[52]

Only 30 people work specifically for Atlas Network, although more than 1,000 people participate in it via its partner think tanks, according to Global Think Tanks: Policy Networks and Governance, published in 2020.[62] Atlas Network is organized into centers by region.[63] Entrepreneur Magatte Wade is director of the Center for African Prosperity and the historian Ibrahim B. Anoba is a fellow at the center. Wade said in Reason that the solution to Africa's economic problems lies in a "cheetah generation" of young Africans who embrace free markets, individualism, human rights, and transparency in government.[64] In her words, "[Africa is] poor because we don't let our entrepreneurs work."[65] Antonella Marty of Argentina served as a fellow for the Center for Latin America, which publishes the annual Index of Bureaucracy.[66][67] Atlas Network also runs the Center for United States and Canada and the Center for Asia and Oceania.[68][69]

Activities

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Training and networking

[edit]

Atlas Network has been described as a "connector", putting "freedom intellectuals" and local think tanks in contact and financing their trips.[70] The organization offers training, consulting, and professional certification related to fundraising, marketing, organizational leadership, and think tank management through its Atlas Network Academy program.[62][71] In 2020, Atlas Network trained nearly 4,000 people in promoting free-market voices, preparing nearly 900 people to work at global think tanks.[9][72] Philadelphia Magazine described Atlas Network as "supporting free-market approaches to eliminating poverty and noted for its refutation of climate change and defense of the tobacco industry."[36]

Atlas Network holds four regional Liberty Forums (in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe) and an international conference in the United States.[59] At its December 2021 "Liberty Forum and Freedom Dinner" in Miami, Florida, for think tank partners from around the world, Mario Vargas Llosa and Yeonmi Park were among the 800 attendees, and Yotuel performed.[28][73][74][75] Llosa, a Nobel Prize winner and classical liberal, is considered a friend of the organization.[76][77] An Atlas Network executive wrote in the New York Post that its Liberty Forums are "like an Anti-Davos", offering trade-show-type environments for think tanks to exchange ideas.[11]

In Canada, Atlas Network partners with about a dozen think tanks.[44] Atlas Network has partnered with the F. A. Hayek Foundation in Slovakia, the Association for Liberal Thinking in Turkey, the Lithuanian Free Market Institute, and Libertad y Desarrollo in Chile to establish Free Enterprise Training Centers.[59] The organization also partners with Chile's Fundación Piensa and Argentina's Libertad y Progreso.[76]

In 2021, Atlas Network partnered with Cuban anti-communism activist Ruhama Fernandez to share her story after Fernandez was arrested for criticizing the Cuban government.[78] The Ukraine-based Bendukidze Free Market Center is also an Atlas Network partner.[79] Commentator Deroy Murdock, an Atlas Network senior fellow as of 2017, wrote that the organization "encourages institutions to use local knowledge to reduce government obstacles to upward mobility", featuring local entrepreneurs who overcome such obstacles.[80]

In Australia, Atlas Network has partnered with several free-market think tanks, including the Centre for Independent Studies, Institute of Public Affairs, and LibertyWorks.[81][82] In New Zealand, Atlas Network has partnered with the free-market think tank New Zealand Taxpayers' Union.[13] ACT New Zealand leader David Seymour once worked for the Atlas Network-affiliated Frontier Centre for Public Policy in Canada.[83] Atlas Network chair Debbi Gibbs' father helped found the ACT party.[83] In May 2024, Atlas Network co-hosted its Europe Liberty Forum in Madrid with its Spanish partner Fundalib (Foundation for the Advancement of Liberty).[84][better source needed]

Grants

[edit]

In the early 2000s, Atlas Network moved to distribute general purpose funds through grant competitions.[85] The organization provides limited amounts of financial support to new think tanks on a case-by-case basis. Grants are usually given for specific projects and range between $2,000 and $5,000.[86] In 2020, Atlas Network provided more than $5 million in the form of grants to support its network of more than 500 partners worldwide.[87][88][non-primary source needed] According to Atlas Network, its grants fund coaching, networking, pitch competitions, award programs, and other "ambitious projects for policy change."[11]

The organization funds Costa Rica's IDEAS Labs, which helped reform the country's pension laws in 2020.[73] Atlas Network also supports the Philippines-based Foundation for Economic Freedom, which works on property rights.[73] Atlas Network supports the Burundian think tank CDE Great Lakes, which has helped reduce the paperwork and fees required to start a business in the country. The think tank works with local entrepreneurs, such as "Papa Coriandre", who formalized his small business and has since grown it from two to 139 employees.[89]

Awards

[edit]

Atlas Network's Templeton Freedom Award, supported by Templeton Religion Trust and named after Sir John Templeton, was established in 2004.[90][91] In 2015, the Acton Institute was awarded $100,000 for its documentary film Poverty, Inc.[91] In 2020, the Center for Indonesian Policy Studies won the award for its Affordable Food for the Poor Initiative.[92][better source needed] In 2021, India's Centre for Civil Society was the winner.[93] In 2022, the Sri Lanka–based Advocata Institute, an Atlas Network partner, won its Asia Liberty Award and the Templeton Freedom Award.[94][95]

The organization's Think Tank Shark Tank competition allows professionals to pitch their projects to judges.[96] In 2018, Dhananath Fernando won the Asia Think Tank Shark Tank championship for his research on the high cost of construction in Sri Lanka and his proposal to lower the taxes on construction materials.[97] In 2019, Students for Liberty and Entrepreneurship (South Sudan) led by John Mustapha Kutiyote won the award for promoting home ownership by women.[98][99][third-party source needed] Students for Liberty Brasil won the 2021 Latin America competition for their project on educating Brazilian favela residents about property rights.[100]

Financials

[edit]

As a non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization, Atlas Network receives donations from foundations, individuals, and corporations but not government funding.[62] It has received major funding from Koch family foundations including the Charles Koch Foundation and the Charles Koch Institute,[5] along with Koch-affiliated funds such as Donors Trust.[35] Other donors include the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the John Templeton Foundation and the Lilly Endowment.[73]

Research by the activist website DeSmog said Atlas Network had received millions of dollars from Koch-affiliated groups, the ExxonMobil Foundation, and the Sarah Scaife Foundation.[12] As of 2005, Atlas Network had received $440,000 from ExxonMobil itself.[101] In 2023, Atlas Network said it had received no funding from oil and gas companies "for nearly 15 years".[102]

Of Atlas Network partners, 57% in the United States received funding from the tobacco industry between 1990 and 2000.[37] Analysis in the International Journal of Health Planning and Management in 2016 said that a lack of transparency and data about think tank funding had made it difficult to ascertain the amounts of tobacco industry funding to Atlas Network and partners since 2003.[37]

Atlas Network said that corporate funding accounted for less than 2% of its total donations in 2020.[9] National Review said in 2021 that "fossil-fuel and tobacco interests" provided less than 1% of Atlas Network's funding over two decades, versus 98% from individuals and foundations.[73] As of 2020, Atlas Network had assets of $15,450,264.[103]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Atlas Economic Research Foundation – Form Form 990 for period ending Dec 2020". ProPublica. May 9, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Annual Report 2020" (PDF). Atlas Network. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  3. ^ "Global Directory". Atlas Network. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e Mitchell, Timothy (2005). "The Work of Economics: How a Discipline Makes Its World". European Journal of Sociology. 46 (2): 299–310. doi:10.1017/S000397560500010X. JSTOR 23999581. S2CID 146456853.
  5. ^ a b c Fang, Lee (August 9, 2017). "Sphere of Influence: How American Libertarians Are Remaking Latin American Politics". The Intercept. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  6. ^ Subramanian, Samanth (March 24, 2021). "Why have two long-dead Austrian economists become cult figures in Brazil?". Quartz. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  7. ^ Salles-Djelic, Marie-Laure (2017). "Building an Architecture for Political Influence: Atlas and the Transnational Institutionalization of the Neoliberal Think Tank". Power, Policy and Profit. Chelthenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 25–44. ISBN 978-1-78471-120-7. Retrieved December 31, 2024.
  8. ^ Meagher, Richard (2008). Right Ideas: Discourse, Framing, and the Conservative Coalition. City University of New York. p. 94. ISBN 978-0549807100.
  9. ^ a b c "Vaping: The real dollars behind fake consumer organisations". Le Monde.fr (in French). November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Plehwe, Dieter (2020). Nine Lives of Neoliberalism (PDF). London: Verso. pp. 16, 259–261. ISBN 978-1-78873-253-6.
  11. ^ a b c Weinberg, Adam (February 7, 2024). "How I became part of a 'global conspiracy' — for advancing freedom". New York Post. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Westervelt, Amy; Dembicki, Geoff (September 12, 2023). "Meet the Shadowy Global Network Vilifying Climate Protesters". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Wiliams, David (October 31, 2023). "Chiding in plain sight". Newsroom. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  14. ^ Stöcker, Christian (July 16, 2024). "»Project 2025«: Der Masterplan für den fossilen Gottesstaat - Kolumne". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  15. ^ "Margaret Thatcher and Antony Fisher: Free markets and philanthropy". Philanthropy Daily. April 10, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  16. ^ a b "A quiet Briton whose think tanks back a free market". Christian Science Monitor. January 19, 1984. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  17. ^ a b c Castro Rea, Julián (February 13, 2018). "Right-Wing Think Tank Networks in Latin America: The Mexican Connection". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology. 17 (1–2): 89–102. doi:10.1163/15691497-12341468. ISSN 1569-1500.
  18. ^ Fischer, Karin (July 9, 2018). "The Atlas Network: Littering the World with Free-Market Think Tanks". Global Dialogue, magazine of the International Sociological Association. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  19. ^ "Linda Whetstone, evangelist for the free market who also helped to raise standards in British dressage – obituary". The Telegraph. December 20, 2021. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  20. ^ "Global Freedom Fighters Remember Their Humble Leader, Linda Whetstone". National Review. December 22, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  21. ^ Steinmo, Sven (2007). Growing Apart?: America and Europe in the 21st Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 145–149. ISBN 978-1139468619.
  22. ^ Mirowski, Philip; Plehwe, Dieter, eds. (2015). The road from Mont Pèlerin: the making of the neoliberal thought collective (paperback ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-08834-4.
  23. ^ "Was Atlas Network named after the book Atlas Shrugged?". Atlas Network.
  24. ^ "For Journalists". Atlas Network. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  25. ^ Mitchell, Timothy (2005). "The work of economics: how a discipline makes its world". European Journal of Sociology. 46 (2): 299–310. doi:10.1017/S000397560500010X. S2CID 146456853.
  26. ^ Fang, Lee (August 9, 2017). "Sphere of Influence: How American Libertarians Are Remaking Latin American Politics". The Intercept. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  27. ^ a b Salles-Djelic, Marie-Laure (October 27, 2017). "Building an architecture for political influence: Atlas and the transnational institutionalization of the neoliberal think tank". Power, Policy and Profit: 25–44. doi:10.4337/9781784711214.00007. ISBN 9781784711214.
  28. ^ a b Meagher, Richard (2008). Right Ideas: Discourse, Framing, and the Conservative Coalition. City University of New York. p. 94. ISBN 978-0549807100.
  29. ^ James G. McGann (Director) (January 27, 2020). "2019 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  30. ^ McGann, James G. (January 28, 2021). "2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2021. ... one measure of a think tank's performance and impact ... designed for use in conjunction with other metrics to help identify and evaluate public policy research organizations around the world ... .
  31. ^ "The Powerful Think Tanks Portraying Climate Protest as Dangerous | On the Media". WNYC Studios. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
  32. ^ Plehwe, Dieter; Slobodian, Quinn; Mirowski, Philip, eds. (2020). Nine Lives of Neoliberalism (PDF). Verso. ISBN 978-1-78873-255-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2024.
  33. ^ Fischer, Karin (July 9, 2018). "The Atlas Network: Littering the World with Free-Market Think Tanks". Global Dialogue, magazine of the International Sociological Association.
  34. ^ Glenza, Jessica (January 23, 2019). "Revealed: the free-market groups helping the tobacco industry". the Guardian. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  35. ^ a b c "Vaping: The real dollars behind fake consumer organisations". Le Monde. March 15, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  36. ^ a b Hingston, Sandy (2020). "Science and Religion Have Never Been More at Odds. Can Conshohocken's Templeton Foundation Bridge the Divide?". Philadelphia Magazine. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020.
  37. ^ a b c Smith, Julia; Thompson, Sheryl; Lee, Kelley (January 1, 2016). "The Atlas Network: a 'strategic ally' of the tobacco industry". The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 32 (4): 433–448. doi:10.1002/hpm.2351. ISSN 1099-1751. PMC 5716244. PMID 27125556.
  38. ^ "Atlas Network". Tobacco Tactics. Tobacco Control Research Group, Department of Health, University of Bath. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  39. ^ a b Neubauer, Robert; Graham, Nicolas (November 30, 2021). "Fuelling the Subsidized Public: Mapping the Flow of Extractivist Content on Facebook". Canadian Journal of Communication. 46 (4): 911, 928–929. doi:10.22230/cjc.2021v46n4a4019. ISSN 0705-3657. Meanwhile, the Fraser Institute, the MLI, Second Street, the Canadian Taxpayers Federation, the Montreal Economics Institute, the Manhattan Institute, and the Cato Institute—whose materials are all repurposed as information subsidies or shared directly—are all members of the Atlas Network, the oil-industry-funded transnational network that supports market fundamentalist think tanks and whose members include a rogue's gallery of climate denying organizations (including America's Heartland Institute alongside the Fraser Institute). Atlas Network groups often interlock, with members moving from group to group throughout their careers (Neubauer, 2018).
  40. ^ Brulle, Robert J.; Hall, Galen; Loy, Loredana; Schell-Smith, Kennedy (May 2021). "Obstructing action: foundation funding and US climate change counter-movement organizations". Climatic Change. 166 (1–2): 2, 3. Bibcode:2021ClCh..166...17B. doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03117-w. ISSN 0165-0009.
  41. ^ Harkinson, Josh (December 22, 2009). "Climate Change Deniers Without Borders". Mother Jones. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  42. ^ a b Turner, Bryan S. (2022). "Introduction: Waves of Democracy". In Mackert, Jürgen; Wolf, Hannah; Turner, Bryan S. (eds.). The condition of democracy. Volume 1: Neoliberal politics and sociological perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-40191-2. OCLC 1252704834. Their vehicle is something called the Atlas Network, which at this writing claims over 400 affiliates in 95 countries, their operations partly funded by Koch and allied capitalists, with heavy support from fossil fuel-based fortunes.... The timing suggests one critical prompt. While the Atlas Network had been created a decade and a half earlier, its work notably escalated at this particular moment in the late 1990s. That was just as global recognition of climate change spread and parties across the spectrum began coordinating policies to address it, with the Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997 being the prime example (Kelly, 2019; Djelic & Mousavi, 2020).
  43. ^ Brulle, Robert J.; Roberts, J. Timmons (2024). "Introduction". In Brulle, Robert J.; Roberts, J. Timmons; Spencer, Miranda C. (eds.). Climate Obstruction Across Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-776208-0. Global networks of think tanks—especially the Atlas Network—have also played a key role in diffusing denial internationally.
  44. ^ a b "How a conservative US network undermined Indigenous energy rights in Canada". The Guardian. July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022. A US-based libertarian coalition has spent years pressuring the Canadian government to limit how much Indigenous communities can push back on energy development on their own land, newly reviewed strategy documents reveal. Atlas Network partnered with an Ottawa-based thinktank – the Macdonald-Laurier Institute (MLI) ... .
  45. ^ Graham, Nicolas (March 27, 2024). "Think tanks and climate obstruction: Atlas affiliates in Canada". Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 61 (2): 110–130. doi:10.1111/cars.12467. ISSN 1755-6171. PMID 38535618.
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  47. ^ Walker, Jeremy (2022). "Freedom to Burn: Mining Propaganda, Fossil Capital, and the Australian Neoliberals". In Slobodian, Quinn; Plehwe, Dieter (eds.). Market civilizations: neoliberals East and South. Near futures. Brooklyn, New York: Zone Books. ISBN 978-1-942130-68-0.
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  50. ^ Araldi, Lucas (August 25, 2023). "In Brazil, Right-Wing Think Tanks Align with Agribusiness to Seek a Path Back to Power". DeSmog. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  51. ^ "Why the internet in Cuba has become a US political hot potato". the Guardian. August 3, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  52. ^ a b Francovich, Eli (April 3, 2022). "In Ukraine, an informal web of Libertarians becomes a 'resistance network'". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  53. ^ a b "Libertarian organization tops $3.5 million in aid to Ukraine". Washington Examiner. December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  54. ^ "People". Atlas Network. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  55. ^ "As we endure COVID-19, don't underestimate our extraordinary freedom crisis". Washington Examiner. September 17, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  56. ^ "Interview: Brad Lips, CEO of Atlas Network". Merion West. August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  57. ^ Lips, Brad (June 6, 2023). "Opinion|To Fend Off Threats to Freedom, Support Local Economic Development — Not More Foreign Aid". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  58. ^ Coley, Victoria (September 11, 2020). "The History and Future of the Freedom Movement". Independent Women's Forum. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
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38°54′14″N 77°01′43″W / 38.9038°N 77.0285°W / 38.9038; -77.0285

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